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ADHD and Anxiety Medication People suffering from ADHD typically suffer from co-occurring anxiety disorders. Anxiety can cause restlessness, anxiety, and insomnia. The use of stimulants can ease these symptoms however, they may also cause side effects such as tics and minor growth reduction in children and adolescents. Many people also experience their anxiety rises when they take stimulant medication. Stimulants Stimulants are a class of drugs used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. You can find them in the form of tablets, capsules or chunky crystals. They are also available as a brown or white dust. Large doses of stimulants can cause over-stimulation and result in anxiety and stomach cramps, panic attacks or paranoia. Long-term use of stimulants can lead to addiction, serious adverse effects such as heart problems, high pressure and stroke. These medicines have also been shown to reduce anxiety symptoms. They work by increasing the amount of brain chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine, which tend to be less in people suffering from ADHD. This increases the activity and communication of parts of the brain that control executive and attention functions. adhd medication uk results in an improvement in impulse control, and anxiety symptoms are reduced. Studies have shown that both atomoxetine as well as methylphenidate reduce anxiety symptoms in people with ADHD and other anxiety disorders. Both medications have shown improvement in anxiety symptoms beginning as early as the 4th week of treatment. The effect was evident for eight weeks. It is important to note that the type of medication best for treating anxiety and ADHD co-occurring symptoms might depend on which disorder has a larger impact on the quality of life of an individual. An individual may experience many minor crises that create anxiety on a regular schedule as they rush to make appointments or finish tasks at school or at work. These can be very distressing and can cause them to be anxious on more of a frequent basis than the symptoms of a particular anxiety disorder or panic attack would. In these instances it may be beneficial to treat the anxiety-related symptoms by taking antidepressants or SSRIs which have been proven effective in decreasing anxiety levels in adults. They are taken orally and can take a long time to take effect. The most popular choices are selective serotonin inhibits (SSRIs) that include Sertraline, Fluoxetine, and serotonin, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like venlafaxine, and duloxetine. They can be used alongside cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety and are particularly useful if the patient experiences an elevated heart rate or blood pressure. SSRIs Antidepressants, including SSRIs (antidepressant medications), are often used to treat anxiety-related disorders. The first drug in this class is fluoxetine, more commonly known as Prozac. The SSRIs are also effective in treating depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic disorder. These medications are more flexible than previous generation antidepressants, and they are less likely to cause dangerous adverse effects. The SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin at synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter to remain active in the synapse and signal the post-synaptic cells more often than would otherwise occur. This can increase the production of norepinephrine, which can reduce anxiety. This can also increase levels of neuronal cyclicAMP (cAMP) which can stimulate protein synthesis. They also decrease the impulsivity and hyperactivity. They also can improve sleep quality and reduce agitation for some people suffering from ADHD. However, these drugs can, increase the possibility of suicidal behavior and thoughts in some people. They can also cause an increase in appetite and weight gain, particularly when they are first introduced. Another kind of antidepressant, called SNRIs, works differently than SSRIs. SNRIs block the reuptake of serotonin as well as norepinephrine. Similar to SSRIs, they can have an effect on anxiety, but they also improve the functioning of heart muscle and the blood vessels, which can decrease anxiety and stress. They also can enhance the mood of individuals suffering from bipolar disorder. Duloxetine (Cymbalta), venlafaxine, (Effexor XR, Pristiq) and desvenlafaxine are the most common SNRIs. The SNRIs can raise blood pressure in some individuals therefore they should not be taken by those with high blood pressure or cardiovascular disease. There are many behavioral treatments for anxiety and ADHD that can be utilized in addition to medication. Meditation and mindfulness techniques can help reduce anxiety and stress. Some people find that tapping on specific points of the body, or Emotional Freedom Techniques can help reduce the cortisol hormone which creates anxiety. Exercise and diet can also reduce anxiety. Your doctor can suggest a diet of whole vegetables, fruits and grains and avoid sugar, which can worsen anxiety in certain ADHD adults and children. Non-stimulant-based medications Although stimulants are highly effective in treating ADHD and have been extensively researched, they may not be the most appropriate choice for people who suffer from anxiety or ADHD. Stimulant medications may cause negative side effects such as jitteriness rapid heart rate and nervousness that can be similar to or worsen anxiety symptoms. Since 2002, non-stimulant medicines have been prescribed for ADHD (under the brand name Strattera). They do not increase blood pressure or heart rate and are less likely to suffer anxiety-related side effects like shaking, sweating or nervousness. Atomoxetine works by targeting receptors for norepinephrine, which is a brain chemical that improves attention and reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. Studies have also demonstrated that it can effectively improve anxiety symptoms in adolescents and children with ADHD. Researchers collected clinical articles from PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO to find out if atomoxetine improved anxiety in adolescents and children with ADHD. Another medication that can be effective in treating anxiety symptoms is bupropion which targets the brain chemical dopamine. Bupropion is often recommended for those suffering from co-occurring depression and ADHD. It can also improve mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety. It is usually an excellent idea to identify and treat the underlying cause of anxiety before treating the ADHD because it can help to alleviate anxiety symptoms. In some cases anxiety symptoms in ADHD children may be the cause of their anxiety. The most effective treatment for anxiety in these circumstances is usually cognitive-behavioral therapy as well as psychostimulants. This is because these therapies target the root of the issue and help reduce ADHD symptoms and, in turn, reduce anxiety. Antidepressants are also often prescribed for those with co-existing ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants that target the brain chemical Serotonin can help relieve anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft, Lexapro and Sertraline. Ultimately, the decision of which medication is best for you will be determined by your doctor. Before recommending a medication they will take into consideration your lifestyle, symptoms, age, as well as other health issues. It is important to discuss with your doctor about your goals for treatment and to adhere to a daily routine when taking any medication. Other options Other treatment options may be beneficial for managing ADHD or anxiety, depending on your health goals. These include mindfulness meditation yoga, tapping (Emotional Freedom Techniques), sleep, nutrition, exercise and healthy eating habits. People who are anxious are more likely to develop symptoms of ADHD, Dr. Hallowell says, which makes it difficult to treat both disorders at once. He usually prescribes stimulants first to address ADHD and then shifts to non-stimulant drugs like atomoxetine, bupropion, or guanfacine for anxiety disorders. These medications work 24/7 and are not controlled substances similar to stimulants.